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A section of the Gigantomachy frieze from the Pergamon Altar, carrying the figures identified as Ouranos and Themis.

Sky

Ouranos

ΟὐρανόςRoman: Caelus

The sky his mother made to cover her, and then had cut down.

Marble frieze, Pergamon Altar, south frieze — Pergamon Museum, Berlin

1
epithet
0
cult sites
15
offspring
1
union
1
recorded birth

Vitals

Kind
Primordial
Generation
0
Domains
the sky, the covering heaven
Accent
Sky — the open air, weather, the thunderbolt
Sacred symbols
the star-mantle, the vault
Principal cult sites
No cult attested

What they were called

  • ἀστερόεις

    starry

Notable myths

  1. The Curse of Ouranos

    As he was cut down, Ouranos named his sons Titans — the straining ones — and said the word carried a punishment that would come for them later. The prophecy he gave was precise: Kronos would be overthrown by his own child, exactly as he had been. Kronos believed it, which is why he began swallowing his children, which is why it came true.

    Hesiod, Theogony 207-210

The account

Gaia made Ouranos by herself, equal to her own size, so that the earth would have a covering. He became her husband and the father of the Titans, the Kyklopes and the Hundred-Handers, and he hated all of them. As each child was born he pushed it back into the earth and would not let it into the light, and he took pleasure in doing it. That is the whole of his character in Hesiod: a sky that will not permit anything under it to exist separately. When Kronos ambushed and unmanned him, the sky pulled back from the earth and stayed back, and the gap between them is the world. His blood, falling on Gaia, produced the Erinyes, the Giants and the ash-tree nymphs; the severed parts, carried a long time on the sea, produced Aphrodite. He gives one prophecy on his way out — that Kronos will be brought down by his own son in the same way — and it is correct. He has almost no cult. He is a function in the story rather than a god anyone prayed to.

Ancient sources

  • Hesiod, Theogony 126-127
  • Hesiod, Theogony 207-210

Where a line reference is not given, the work is cited without one rather than guessed at.

Image credit

Title
Uranus fighting Themis, South Frieze, Gigantomachy Frieze, Pergamon Altar, Pergamon Museum, Berlin (5902820282)
Artist
Carole Raddato from FRANKFURT, Germany
Date
Unknown